Environmental+Law+Grid+Block+2

= Chapter 3: Environmental Policy BLOCK 2 = = Major Laws and International Treaties Date = = =
 * =LAW= || **Year Intro-duced** || **Basic Description** || **Regulatory Agency** ||
 * National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Kayla Coleman || 1969 || A United States environmental law that established a US national policy promoting the enhancement of the environment. Most significant impact-to set up procedural requirements for all federal government agencies to follow (environmental assessments and environmental impact statements). The council required that as EIS be prepared for any major federal action that might significantly affect environmental quality. || Council on Environmental Quality Introduced by the US senate (US established policy) ||
 * Chemical Safety Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act

Tony Pettinato || 1999 || -Addresses the concerns of the fire service and law enforcement officials pertaining to the information aimed at helping communities prepare for worst case accident scenarios, which could possibly be used by "terrorists" -the information cannot be released to the public unless given authorization by a government official -places a one year moratorium on the release of Risk Management Plans (how to deal with potential hazards) -Flammable liquids that are used as fuel or sold as fuel are not included in Risk Management Plans -if plan gets into the wrong hands (i.e. "terrorists") the liquid's existence, use, and/or location is not contained within the plan, so there is less chance of the liquid being a target for an "attack" || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) || (CAA)
 * The Clean Air Act

Katie Usiak || 1970 (amended in '77) || This law attempts to lower air pollution. It requires that the states must meet the EPA's standards on carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and particle soot emissions into the atmosphere. The standards set by the EPA must be met by a certain, pre-decided date. The goal is to make air cleaner and safer to breathe. Because of the CAA, toxic emissions have droped dramatically. || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ||
 * The Clean Water Act (CWA)

Portia Anthony || 1972 || -Provides Federal Government protection of waterways -The goal is to eliminate the discharge of pollution into waterways and protect the wetlands so they may continue to act as a natural filter system || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ||
 * Comprehensive Env. Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) || 1970 || A program to provide funding for hazardous waste cleanup. || EPA ||
 * The Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA)

Alex Sparacino || October 17, 1986 || -Provides planning requirements to help communites to prepare and deal with emergencies with hazardous substances. -Has each state come up with a plan for a hazardous substance emergency. -Has companies immediately report any release of chemicals or hazardous material. -All reports of releases must be reported to the public. -All companies storing, using or selling hazardous material must fill out a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) describing the chemicals and the health effects. -These data sheets must also be made available to the public. -Makes companies complete a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form each year. || The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ||
 * The Endangered Species Act (ESA)

Eric Kretz || 1973 || -Autherizes the determination and listing of species as endangered. -Prohibits the posesion, or trading of these species -Allows the goverment to aquire land for endangered animals. -Allows the federal government to give aid to states in order to help protect endangered species. - Authorizes rewards to people that provide information leading to the aresst of any one harming endangered species. || It is jointly enforced by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife service, and by the National Marine Fisheries Service. It was enacted by congress. ||
 * Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Sarah Selwyn || 1947 || The objective of FIFRA is to provide federal control of pesticide distribution, sale, and use. All pesticides used in the United States must be registered (licensed) by EPA. Registration assures that pesticides will be properly labeled and that, if used in accordance with specifications, they will not cause unreasonable harm to the environment. Use of each registered pesticide must be consistent with use directions contained on the label or labeling. || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ||
 * Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

Kristin Johnson || 1938 || -gives authority to the FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics -specifies which food colors are safe for consumption -issues regulations and conditions under which food additives can be used -for bottled water, sets standards for processing, bottling, water quality and product labeling -drugs must meet standard of effectiveness in comparison to safety -even once drugs are on the market, the FDA can withdraw approval based on new information || Food and Drug Administration (FDA) || (FQPA) || 1996 || It provides a health based standard for pesticides in food, protection for children, approval of safer pesticides, creates incecentives for the development and maintenance of crop production tools. || Environmental protection agency (EPA) || Daniel Moore || 1996 || The (FOIA) is a faderal law that establishes the publics right to obtain information from the federal goverment agencies. To obtain this info there is a process that all must fallow in order to obtian the information you want. || Federal Government || and Health Act (OSHA) Megan Shekletski || 1970 || -Entacts safe working conditions for men and women -Main goal= provide workers with an environment free from hazards; such as, exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise, mechanical danger, and unsanitary conditions. || United States Department of Labor ||
 * Food Quality Protection Act
 * The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
 * The Occupational Safety
 * The Oil Pollution Act (OPA)

Chris Ridgely || 1990 || -Facility must establish procedures, methods and install proper equipment to prevent oil release. -Must train all personnel to properly respond to an oil spill. -Must have steps to contain, clean up, and mitigate any effects a spill might have in water ways. || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) || Michael Constantine || 1990 || Formed by the EPA, the PPA aims to reduce the amount of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants entering any waste stream, or otherwise released into the environment. This act reduces hazard to public health and the environment. ||  || reduce or eliminate the amount of waste generated, ensure that wastes are managed in a manor that is protective of human and environmental health || Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ||
 * The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
 * The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) || 1976 || Protect human and environmental health, conserve energy and natural resources
 * The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) ||  ||   ||   ||
 * The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)

Leigh Anne Weaver || October 17th 1986 || # Amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERLA or Superfund)
 * 1) Stressed permanent pollution solutions
 * 2) Provided new enforcement authorities and settlement tools
 * 3) Increased State involvement
 * 4) Increased focus on human health problems posed by hazardous waste sites
 * 5) encouraged greater citizen imput on decisions
 * 6) increased previous trust fund to 8.5 billion dollars || EPA, voted in by the United States Congress ||
 * The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

Hope Lichtman || 1976 || Provided the EPA with the authority to require reporting, record-keeping, and testing requirements, as well as to set restrictions relating to chemical substances and mixtures. This includes reporting any potential risks or possibilities of injury to the EPA. || EPA, voted in by the United States Congress ||
 * The Wilderness Act

Jeremy Lewis || 1963 || ~Created the legal definition of the term "wilderness" ~Protected over 9 million acres of federal land for the long term effect to protect the wilderness. ~Protects public lands for national forests, national parks, wildlife refugees, and more ~Attempts to retain human influences on the natural ecosystem, so it can operate freely. || Wilderness Society, Passed by Congress and signed by President Lyndon B Johnson ||
 * Marine Protection Act

Alexis Abunassar || October 21, 1972 || Establishes laws to protect many sea and ocean mammals. Prevents harrassment, capture, injury/killing of all species of whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, walruses, manatees, dugongs, sea otters, and polar bears. This act also reduces marine moralities and injuries. || Federal Government ||
 * Coastal Zone Management Act ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Federal Land Policy and Management Act

Haley Spain || 1976 || Establishes guidelines for its administration,provides for management, protection, development, and enhancement of public land. Provides us with the tools we need to creatively manage public land. Recognizes the value of the nations public land and provides a framework in which they could be managed in a way to benefit future generations. || Department of Land Managment ||
 * National Forest Management Act

Lindsay Murdock || 1976 || -Amended the Forest and Range land Renewable Resources and Planning Act of 1974 -Designed to counter damage to natural ecosystems and public lands -Forest Service determines limits for size of clearcuts, restricts annual cutting and ensures reforestation. -Forest Service prepares and revises Land and Resource Management plans for each national forest every 15 years. || Forest Service, voted in by congress. || isabel lee || 1975 || - regulate trade in animals and plants that may be threatened by trade. - ensures that the sustainability of the trade is addressed in order to safeguard these resources for the future. - 5,000 species of animas and 28,000 species of plants are being protected. - countries work together to ensure that international trade in animal and plant species is not detrimental to the survival of wild populations by regulating the import, export, re-export, and introduction from the sea of certain animal and plant species. || u.s. fish and wildlife service (USFWS) ||
 * Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES)
 * Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)

Julia Zukus || 1988 || -conserve terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species in their range Aims to conserve: -European bats -Cetaceans of the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and contiguous Atlantic area -Small cetaceans of Baltic, North-East Atlantic, Irish, and North Seas -Seals in the Wadden Sea -African-Euroasian Migratory waterbirds -Albatrosses and Petrels -Gorillas and their habitats || United Nation Environment Pragramme (UNEP) ||
 * Vienna Convention flr the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol ||  ||   ||   ||
 * United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ||  ||   ||   ||
 * United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Kyoto Protocol

Olivia Curry || 2005 || The objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to lower greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. It was signed by 187 countries, the U.S. being the only civilized nation to refuse to participate. It divided countries into 2 categories, separating the 37 wealthiest and most powerful countries under the Annex I division. The Annex I countries agreed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5.2 percent from the 1990 level, and submit 'greenhouse gas inventory' reports. A credit system was also established where Annex I countries could purchase credit from other countries, allowing them passes and/or privelages regarding pollution and greenhouse gas emission levels. || United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ||
 * Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International importance as Waterfowl Habitat ||  ||   ||   ||